Working papers etc.

Fragmented states in the Middle East

Challenges for building legitimate state structures in Syria, Libya, Iraq and Yemen

This working paper analyses how armed conflicts in Iraq, Syria, Libya and Yemen have challenged or weakened each state. The report emphasizes the need for building legitimate and inclusive security structures and governance mechanisms that can connect national and local level.

The report shows how governance in all four states has become increasingly fragmented and localized as the ability of the central state to govern has been eroded. Furthermore, the report points to the rebuilding of inclusive security institutions that are subordinated to a civilian administration as a precondition for the restoration of state capacity and legitimacy.

Finally, although there are examples of a pragmatic division of governing between state and non-state actors, the overall image is one where states are being weakened by localized non-state actors. Thus, the report argues that the main challenges to policymakers in the coming period will stem from power imbalances between political and security actors, dealing with the impact of external actors on fragmented governance structures, and building institutions that are inclusive and representative and able to provide actual security and services.
Regions
Syria Libya Iraq Yemen

DIIS Experts

Helle Malmvig
Peace and violence
Senior Researcher
 Maria-Louise Clausen
Global security and worldviews
Senior Researcher
Menera Working Papers No 22 Nov 2018 - Armed confilcts and the erosion of the state
Armed Conflicts and the Erosion of the State